Chill Well: Protecting Yourself and Others During New Hampshire’s Cold Winter

Staying Safe in the Winter

Seven Tips For Staying Safe in a NH Winter

As winter approaches, New Hampshire residents are no strangers to the frigid temperatures that define the season. While snow and ice can disrupt daily life, it’s the extreme cold that often poses the most dangerous risks to health and safety. Exposure to freezing temperatures can lead to frostbite, hypothermia, and other cold-related injuries, especially for vulnerable populations like children, the elderly, and those with preexisting health conditions. With cold spells and extreme weather events becoming more frequent, preparing for and preventing cold-related emergencies is essential.

In this blog, the New Hampshire Public Health Association (NHPHA) will provide key tips on how to stay safe during extreme cold conditions and ensure that you and your loved ones are ready for the bitter winter months ahead.

1. Recognizing the Dangers of Extreme Cold

Extreme cold occurs when temperatures drop significantly below freezing and are often accompanied by high winds, making it feel even colder than the actual temperature. In these conditions, the body loses heat more rapidly than it can produce, leading to dangerous conditions like frostbite and hypothermia.

Frostbite is the freezing of skin and underlying tissues, typically affecting extremities like fingers, toes, ears, and the nose. Skin becomes cold, numb, and hard, which can lead to permanent damage if not treated promptly.

Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature drops below 95°F, causing confusion, slurred speech, drowsiness, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. Hypothermia is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention.

2. Dressing for Cold Weather

The key to staying warm in freezing temperatures is dressing properly. Layering clothing is one of the most effective ways to insulate your body and keep heat from escaping.

• Wear multiple layers: Start with a moisture-wicking base layer, add an insulating middle layer (like wool or fleece), and finish with a waterproof, wind-resistant outer layer.

• Choose warm accessories: Protect extremities with a hat, gloves or mittens, and a scarf. Insulated boots with thick socks will help prevent frostbite on your feet.

• Cover exposed skin: Use a scarf or face mask to cover your nose and mouth in extremely cold conditions to prevent frostbite on your face.

• Avoid tight clothing: Wearing tight clothes can restrict blood circulation and lead to cold injuries more quickly.

3. Winterizing Your Home for Extreme Cold

When extreme cold strikes, it’s essential that your home is prepared to keep you warm and protected from freezing temperatures. Winterizing your home in advance can prevent heat loss and avoid costly damage.

• Seal windows and doors: Use weather stripping or caulk to close gaps and prevent cold air from leaking inside.

• Insulate pipes: Protect pipes from freezing by wrapping them with insulation or pipe sleeves. Allowing faucets to drip slightly during extreme cold can prevent pipes from bursting.

• Check your heating system: Ensure your heating system is functioning properly, and have a professional inspect it annually. Make sure you have enough fuel or an alternate heating source in case of a prolonged power outage.

• Install storm windows or use plastic insulation to reduce heat loss through windows.

• Use space heaters safely: Keep space heaters at least three feet away from anything flammable, and never leave them unattended.

4. Staying Safe Outdoors

If you must go outdoors during extreme cold, it’s important to minimize your exposure and protect yourself from frostbite and hypothermia.

• Limit time outside: If possible, avoid being outside for extended periods. Take frequent breaks to warm up indoors.

• Keep moving: Physical activity can help you stay warm by increasing circulation, but avoid overexertion, which can lead to sweating and heat loss.

• Know the signs of frostbite and hypothermia: Be aware of early warning signs like numbness, tingling, shivering, and disorientation. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice symptoms in yourself or others.

• Avoid alcohol consumption: Alcohol can give the false impression of warmth while increasing heat loss from the body.

5. Cold-Weather Emergency Kit

Having an emergency kit prepared for cold-weather events is critical in case of power outages or getting stranded in your car. Include the following items in your home and vehicle kits:

• Non-perishable food and water: Stock enough supplies for at least three days.

• Blankets and sleeping bags: Have extra warm blankets and sleeping bags in case of heating system failures.

• Flashlights and extra batteries: Power outages are common during winter storms, so it’s important to have alternative lighting options.

• First-aid kit: Include basic medical supplies and any necessary prescription medications.

• Battery-powered radio: Stay informed about weather conditions and emergency updates.

• Hand warmers and foot warmers: These can provide temporary warmth for your extremities in a cold emergency.

• Car emergency kit: If you get stranded, your kit should include blankets, food, water, a flashlight, and a small shovel for digging out snow.

6. Caring for Vulnerable Populations

Extreme cold poses heightened risks for certain populations, including young children, older adults, and those with preexisting medical conditions. Make sure to:

• Check on neighbors: If you have elderly neighbors or people with disabilities in your community, check in on them regularly during extreme cold weather. They may need assistance with staying warm or obtaining food and supplies.

• Take extra precautions with infants: Babies lose heat faster than adults, so they should always be dressed warmly and never exposed to cold for long periods. Make sure they sleep in a warm room and avoid blankets that could pose a suffocation risk.

7. Cold Weather and COVID-19

With ongoing respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19, it's also important to remember that cold weather can compound health risks, particularly for those who already have compromised respiratory systems. Ensure proper ventilation if using indoor heating and continue to practice good hygiene and health practices to prevent illness during the winter months.

New Hampshire winters are no joke, but by taking preventive measures and staying informed, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of extreme cold. The New Hampshire Public Health Association encourages all residents to prepare now and stay vigilant throughout the winter season. For more information on winter safety and cold-related emergency preparedness, visit our website for additional resources.